Electric fence chargers are designed to create an electrical shock when touched by a person or animal. The charger converts power into a brief high-voltage pulse. Electric fence chargers have one terminal of the charger to release the electrical pulse along a connected bare wire about once per second. Another terminal is connected to a metal rod implanted in the earth, called a ground rod. An adequate ground (rod six feet deep, or two grounded together if used in dry conditions) is an absolute must. A person or animal touching the wire and the earth simultaneously will complete an electrical circuit and will conduct the pulse, causing a painful electric shock. Electric fence chargers depend upon the voltage and electrical current used, and can range from barely noticeable to painful. This electric fence charger is a low impedance fence charger for up to 5 miles. Keeps pets fenced in where they are safe. Charger is pulsed for safety. 90 day limited warranty against lightning. Made in the USA.